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Batavia, Dutch East Indies
Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies, and corresponds to the present day city of Jakarta. Just as modern Jakarta may refer to either the city itself or to the larger area of the city with its geographic surroundings, which taken together is one of the provinces of Indonesia, so Batavia can refer to the city proper as it then existed, with its various increases over time in urbanized acreage, or it can also refer to the surrounding hinterland.
The establishment of Batavia at the site of the razed city of Jayakarta by the Dutch in 1619 led to the Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. Batavia became the center of the Dutch East India Company's trading network in Asia.〔 Monopolies on nutmeg, peppers, cloves and cinnamon were augmented by non-indigenous cash crops like coffee, tea, cacao, tobacco, rubber, sugar and opium. To safeguarded their commercial interests, the company and the colonial administration that replaced it in 1799 progressively absorbed surrounding territory.〔
Batavia lies on the north coast of Java, in a sheltered bay, over a flat land consisting of marshland and hills, and crisscrossed with canals. The city consisted of two centers: Oud Batavia or ''Benedenstad'' ("Lower City"), the oldest, the lowest and the most unhealthy part of the city, and ''Bovenstad'' ("Upper City"), the relatively newer city located on the higher ground to the south.
Batavia was a colonial city for about 320 years until 1942 when the Dutch East Indies fell under Japanese occupation during World War II. During the Japanese occupation and again after Indonesian nationalists declared independence on August 17, 1945, the city was renamed Jakarta.〔 After the war, the Dutch name "Batavia" remained internationally recognized until full Indonesian independence was achieved on December 27, 1949 and Jakarta was officially proclaimed the national capital of Indonesia.〔
==Dutch East India Company (1610 - 1800)==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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